Can Babies Remember? The Science Behind Infant Memory and Its Impact on Development

For years, scientists believed that babies couldn’t form memories like adults do. But recent research is proving otherwise—infants as young as four months old "can" store and retain memories, even if they don’t recall them later in life. This groundbreaking discovery is reshaping our understanding of early childhood development and the lasting impact of those first experiences.

How Do Babies Form Memories?

A new study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) found that when infants see new images, there is increased blood flow to the posterior hippocampus, the brain region responsible for memory. When these same images were shown again later, the babies paid more attention to them—clear evidence that they remembered what they had seen.

This challenges the old belief that "infantile amnesia" (the inability to remember early childhood events) is due to an underdeveloped brain. Instead, scientists now think that the memories are stored but inaccessible as we grow older.

Why Do We Forget Our Earliest Memories?

If babies can remember things, why don’t we recall our own infancy? Scientists believe that language development plays a major role. When we’re babies, we don’t have words to attach to our experiences. As we grow up and our brain reorganizes, these early memories become harder to access.

Think of it like an old photo album stored away—you know it exists, but without looking at it often, the details fade.

The Lasting Impact of Early Memories.

Even if we can’t recall our first months of life, those early experiences shape who we become. Studies show that consistent interaction, affection, and a secure environment in infancy are linked to:

✅ Better emotional regulation in later years

✅ Stronger social bonds and attachment styles

✅ Improved cognitive development

Talking, singing, and comforting a baby isn’t just about calming them down in the moment—it’s actively shaping their brain for the future.

What This Means for Parents & Caregivers?

This research reinforces what many parents instinctively know: "Every interaction matters". Engaging with your baby, even if they won’t remember it consciously, helps build a strong emotional foundation.

Ways to Support Infant Memory Development:

🍼 Talk to your baby

– Describe what’s happening around them to strengthen language and memory connections.

🎶 Sing and play music

– Melodies can be soothing and help with cognitive growth.

👀 Use eye contact and facial expressions

– This enhances social recognition and attachment.

🤲 Provide comforting touch

– Hugs and cuddles reinforce security and emotional bonding.

Babies may not recall their first steps, first words, or the lullabies sung to them, but those moments shape their future in ways we’re only beginning to understand. As science continues to unlock the mysteries of infant memory, one thing is clear—early experiences leave an invisible, yet powerful, mark on our lives.